10 Ancient Dog Breeds with Fascinating Histories

Written By

Mathew Abraham

Updated on

Mathew Abraham

Meet Mathew, Cat Dad and Animal Advocate! Mathew is the editor at PawDown, overseeing content strategy and quality. He's in charge of carefully curating the best pet stories, tips, and advice for you.

Alaskan Malamute
Pixabay/Pexels

Dogs have been companions, hunters, and protectors throughout history, and some breeds trace their roots back thousands of years. These ancient breeds were deeply connected to human civilizations, playing key roles in wars, rituals, and survival. Understanding the historical significance of these dogs sheds light on why they remain beloved companions today. Each breed carries a legacy—whether as guardians of royalty or hunters in the wilderness.

Saluki

Saluki
Ron Lach/Pexels

The Saluki, often hailed as the “Royal Dog of Egypt,” has a history dating back to around 7,000 BC. These dogs were revered by the Egyptians, and frequently seen in ancient tombs, especially in connection with nobility. You can see the Salukis’ depictions in ancient Egyptian tombs. Also, these dogs were highly revered by pharaohs. Famous for their speed, endurance, and hunting skills, Salukis accompanied Egyptian nobility on hunting expeditions, often chasing gazelles across the desert. These slender, long-legged dogs were even considered sacred and mummified alongside royalty. While their independent nature persists today, they remain loyal companions with a graceful and dignified demeanor.

Afghan Hound

Afghan Hound
Ralph/Pixabay

The Afghan Hound has an impressive lineage that spans over 6,000 years. Originating in the mountains of Afghanistan, these dogs were esteemed for their ability to hunt with agility and speed over rugged terrain. Afghan Hounds were kept by royalty, and their isolation in the mountains helped maintain their ancient lineage. Even now, Afghan Hounds never fail to impress their owners with their dignity and independence.

Akita Inu

Akita Inu
Maxxxiss/Pixabay

The Akita Inu from Japan is steeped in 2,000 years of history. These dogs were originally bred to guard royalty and hunt large wild animals, including bears. However, Akitas have long been symbols of loyalty and bravery in Japanese culture. The Akita Inu is best known for its unwavering loyalty, exemplified by the famous Akita named Hachikō, who waited for his owner at a train station for nearly a decade after the owner’s death. Samurai warriors also used Akitas as protectors, and their strong, independent nature still makes them excellent guardians today.

Chinese Shar-Pei

Chinese Shar-Pei
Thierry Rossier/Pexels

The Chinese Shar-Pei has a history rooted in the Han Dynasty, stretching back more than 2,000 years. Bred for protection and hunting, this breed played a vital role in safeguarding livestock. Their distinctive wrinkled skin and bristly coat protected them during fights, giving them a unique edge in confrontations. Although they nearly went extinct during China’s Cultural Revolution, the breed was revived and has since become a symbol of strength and resilience. Today, Shar-Peis are known for their loyalty and make excellent companions.

Alaskan Malamute

Alaskan Malamute
Mohan Nannapaneni/Pexels

For over 4,000 years, the Alaskan Malamute has been invaluable to the Inuit people, bred to haul sleds and assist in hunting. These robust dogs helped transport goods across the Arctic’s harsh terrain. Their endurance made them invaluable during polar expeditions, including explorations to the North and South Poles. Despite their wolf-like appearance, Malamutes are friendly and affectionate, making great pets, provided you provide them with a cold environment.

Chow Chow

Chow Chow
Marius-Kristensen/Pixabay

Dating back over 2,000 years in China, the Chow Chow held various responsibilities, from hunting and guarding to transporting goods. Chinese emperors kept many Chow Chows, valuing their loyalty and defensive skills. Known for their lion-like mane and blue-black tongue, Chow Chows were even depicted in Han Dynasty artifacts. Today, their aloof but loyal demeanor makes them unique companions. So, if you’re looking for a pet who’s not clingy but protects you, go for a Chow Chow.

Siberian Husky

Siberian Husky
Albina ChamonixDeus/Pexels

The Siberian Husky’s origins trace back more than 4,000 years to the Chukchi people of Siberia. These hardy dogs were vital for sledding long distances in the cold, aiding their owners in hunting and travel. Huskies gained worldwide fame during the 1925 Serum Run, where they helped deliver medicine across Alaska during a diphtheria outbreak. Known for their friendly and outgoing personalities, Huskies continue to capture hearts with their playful spirit and love for adventure. Only bring a Siberian Husky home if you can provide them with the right environment to live in.

Pharaoh Hound

Pharaoh Hound
Marina Riijik/Pexels

With a history spanning over 5,000 years, the Pharaoh Hound is thought to have originated in ancient Egypt, where it was cherished by royalty for its grace and hunting prowess. Pharaoh Hounds were frequently depicted in hieroglyphs, embodying both elegance and speed. One fascinating trait of the Pharaoh Hound is its ability to “blush”—their noses and ears turn pink when they are excited or happy. This ancient breed remains a loving and playful companion.

 Tibetan Mastiff

Tibetan Mastiff
Grisha Grishkoff/Pexels

The Tibetan Mastiff has been around for over 3,000 years, primarily in the Himalayan region, where it guarded monasteries and villages against predators such as wolves and leopards. Known for their immense size and strength, these dogs could fend off predators like wolves and snow leopards. Tibetan Mastiffs were revered for their loyalty and protective instincts and were often treated as sacred guardians by monks. While you might find it hard to train a Tibetan Mastiff because of their independent nature, their devotion is worth the effort.

Basenji

Basenji
Kim Dubois/Pexels

The Basenji, often called the “barkless dog,” has existed for more than 5,000 years, originating from central Africa. Depictions of this breed appear in ancient Egyptian tombs, highlighting their historical role as hunters. Depictions of dogs resembling the Basenji appear in ancient Egyptian tombs, showing their historical importance. These dogs were prized for their hunting skills and intelligence, often used to track and chase small wild animals. Basenjis are known for being independent and cat-like in their behavior, forming deep bonds with their families. Bring a Basenji home if you need a cute pet that bonds with you and respects your peace.

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