Mountain lions, often called cougars or pumas, are some of the most secretive hunters in North America. These powerful cats inhabit a variety of landscapes, from dense forests and rugged mountains to arid deserts and grasslands. While they generally avoid humans, increasing urban expansion has led to more frequent encounters in some states. Let’s take a look at ten U.S. states where you are most likely to spot a mountain lion and what to expect if you do.

1. California

California is home to an estimated 4,000 to 6,000 mountain lions, making it one of the most populated states for these big cats. The state’s vast wilderness, including the Sierra Nevada and coastal mountains, provides ideal habitats with abundant prey. Encounters with humans have increased in recent years as urban expansion pushes into these territories. While mountain lions are generally elusive, sightings occur in places like Los Angeles County, where they have been spotted roaming residential areas and hiking trails.

2. Colorado

With a mountain lion population ranging between 3,000 and 7,000, Colorado is a hotspot for these apex predators. The Rocky Mountains and surrounding forests offer perfect conditions for mountain lions to thrive. The state’s active outdoor culture leads to occasional encounters, especially in regions like Boulder and Colorado Springs. Reports indicate that while these big cats prefer to avoid humans, sightings near suburban neighborhoods and hiking paths have been on the rise in recent years.

3. Montana

Montana’s vast, rugged landscape provides an ideal setting for mountain lions, with an estimated population between 3,000 and 5,300. These elusive predators inhabit remote wilderness areas such as Glacier National Park and the Rocky Mountain Front. As hunting regulations fluctuate, conservationists monitor population trends closely. While encounters are rare, occasional reports emerge from rural communities and hiking trails. Mountain lions primarily hunt deer but are known to venture near human settlements in search of food.

4. Oregon

Oregon supports a thriving mountain lion population, estimated at around 2,500 individuals. The dense forests of the Cascade Range and the Blue Mountains serve as prime habitats for these secretive predators. Human encounters have increased in recent years as mountain lions adapt to urban expansion. Reports of sightings near Portland and Bend highlight the delicate balance between wildlife and human development. Officials advise residents to take precautions, such as securing pets and avoiding dusk and dawn hikes.

5. Texas

While Texas does not officially track its mountain lion population, estimates suggest that thousands inhabit the state, primarily in the western and southern regions.These big cats thrive in rugged terrains such as the Big Bend and Trans-Pecos areas. Due to loose hunting regulations, population control remains a challenge for conservationists. While sightings are rare in urban areas, occasional reports surface from ranches and rural communities. Texas remains one of the few states without official protections for mountain lions.

6. Arizona

Arizona is home to an estimated 2,500 to 3000 mountain lions, primarily inhabiting the rocky terrains of the Grand Canyon and the Sonoran Desert. These predators are highly adaptable and thrive in both arid and forested regions. Encounters have been reported near Tucson and Flagstaff, particularly in areas where human expansion encroaches on their habitats. The Arizona Game and Fish Department actively monitors populations, and while attacks on humans are extremely rare, hikers are advised to remain vigilant.

7. Idaho

Idaho’s mountain lion population is estimated at around 2,000 individuals. These big cats are most commonly found in the state’s extensive forests and mountain ranges, including the Sawtooth and Bitterroot regions. Sightings have increased in recent years, with reports from residential areas near Boise and Coeur d’Alene. Wildlife officials note that while mountain lions tend to avoid human interaction, they may occasionally venture into developed areas in search of food. Pet owners are advised to take precautions, especially at night.

8. Utah

9. Washington

Washington’s mountain lion population is estimated at approximately 2,400 individuals, with many residing in the Cascade and Olympic mountain ranges. While these big cats are typically solitary and avoid humans, sightings have been reported in areas near Seattle and Spokane. Wildlife officials have implemented measures to manage human-wildlife interactions as encounters become more common. Residents in rural areas are encouraged to secure their livestock and pets, as mountain lions occasionally prey on domestic animals when natural food sources become scarce.

10. Florida

Florida is home to a unique subspecies of the mountain lion known as the Florida panther. With a population estimated between 100 and 300 individuals, these big cats primarily inhabit the Everglades and Big Cypress National Preserve. Conservation efforts have helped stabilize their numbers, but habitat loss remains a significant threat. Sightings are most common in southern Florida, where panthers occasionally venture onto roads and residential areas. Wildlife officials continue to promote conservation strategies to ensure the long-term survival of this endangered species.

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