As the nights grow longer and temperatures drop, the idea of hibernation becomes a reality for many animals, including some pets. For humans, winter might mean warm fires and comfort food, but for certain species, it’s a time to conserve energy and wait for spring. Hibernation is not just sleep—it’s a remarkable process where an animal slows its metabolism, breathing, and heart rate to survive harsh conditions. If you own a pet that hibernates, it’s crucial to understand their specific needs to ensure their health and safety during this critical period.

Tortoises

Mediterranean tortoises like Hermann’s, Spur-Thighed, and Marginated tortoises require hibernation for their overall well-being. To prepare, ensure your tortoise is healthy with adequate fat reserves. Begin by gradually reducing food intake and replicating shorter day lengths and cooler temperatures to encourage a natural slowdown. The fasting period ensures their digestive system is clear before hibernation. The safest hibernation spot is often a fridge, with temperatures kept steady between 37–41°F. Regular weight checks are crucial to ensure they don’t lose more than 10% of their body weight. When they awaken, provide warmth, hydration, and nutrition to help them recover.

Hedgehogs

While wild hedgehogs hibernate, it is important to note that not all species should. For example, African pygmy hedgehogs kept as pets should not hibernate, as they lack the fat reserves needed to survive long periods of inactivity. However, in regions where European hedgehogs are legally kept as pets (with proper permits), their hibernation requires careful preparation. Ensure they have a secure, insulated space with sufficient bedding, as well as access to clean water before entering hibernation. Monitor their health during the hibernation period and consult a veterinarian if any issues arise during or after they wake.

Fat-Tailed Dwarf Lemurs

Fat-tailed dwarf lemurs are a rare and exotic pet species that hibernate. These primates are the only known hibernating species among primates, relying on fat stored in their tails to survive. If kept as pets (which requires special permits and extensive care knowledge), owners must replicate their native environmental conditions during hibernation. Gradually lower enclosure temperatures and adjust lighting schedules to simulate seasonal changes. During hibernation, lemurs’ metabolic rates drop significantly, and they rely entirely on stored fat. After they awaken, provide a gradual reintroduction to food and warmth to ensure their health and recovery.

Frogs

Some frogs, such as African clawed frogs, can enter hibernation when environmental conditions mimic their natural habitats. To support their hibernation, provide a cool environment and ensure they have a secure area for burrowing or resting. Frogs reduce their metabolic activity significantly during this time, consuming little to no food. It’s important to maintain clean water and consistent temperatures to prevent any disturbances. Once the hibernation period ends, gradually restore warmth and reintroduce their regular diet. Always consult care guides specific to the frog species to ensure proper management of their hibernation.

Koi Fish

Koi fish, often kept in outdoor ponds, enter a torpor-like state during winter that resembles hibernation. As temperatures drop below 50°F, koi become less active and retreat to the bottom of the pond. Before hibernation, ensure the pond is at least 4 feet deep to prevent freezing, and use a pond de-icer to maintain oxygen levels. Stop feeding them as their metabolism slows, since digestion ceases during this period. Regularly monitor water quality and temperature throughout their dormancy. As temperatures rise in spring, gradually resume feeding and ensure the pond is clean for a smooth transition back to activity.

Snails

Land snails hibernate during cold weather by retreating into their shells and sealing the entrance with a protective layer called an epiphragm. This keeps them hydrated and stops them from getting dry. Before hibernation, ensure they are well-fed to build energy reserves. Create a moist, cool environment for their hibernation, such as a soil-filled container. During this period, they use minimal energy and require no food. When temperatures rise, they will naturally awaken. Gradually reintroduce normal humidity levels and their usual diet to ensure a smooth transition.

Groundhogs

Groundhogs, also known as woodchucks, are true hibernators and fascinating creatures, but they are not ideal pets for several reasons. During hibernation, their heart rate drops dramatically—from 80 beats per minute to as low as five—while their body temperature plummets from 99°F to around 37°F. This remarkable adaptation allows them to conserve energy through the cold months. However, keeping groundhogs as pets is highly regulated in most states due to their status as native wildlife. Even with a permit, they still pose considerable challenges. Their continuously growing incisors require constant gnawing, leading them to chew through cages, furniture, and other items in their environment. They also need a specially designed hibernation enclosure with ample space for digging and burrowing.

Wood Frogs

Wood frogs are fascinating hibernators, capable of freezing their bodies completely during winter. Although they are rarely kept as pets, their unique hibernation process deserves mention. If cared for in captivity (with permits), replicate their natural cold environment. Provide a burrowing area and reduce temperatures gradually. During hibernation, their metabolism slows, and they rely on glucose to prevent their cells from freezing. When spring arrives, slowly increase the temperature to awaken them. Reintroduce food and hydration carefully, ensuring their environment is suitable for their recovery.

Common Box Turtles

Box turtles enter hibernation to survive the winter months. To prepare, ensure they are healthy and have adequate fat reserves. Provide a cool, moist area with loose soil or leaf litter where they can burrow. Gradually lower the enclosure temperature to mimic seasonal changes. Regularly check on their condition during hibernation, as significant weight loss or signs of distress require immediate attention. When they awaken, provide warmth, hydration, and nutrition. Not all box turtle species require hibernation, so consult care guides specific to your turtle’s needs.

Arctic Ground Squirrels

Although uncommon as pets, arctic ground squirrels hibernate to survive harsh winters. Their body temperature can drop to just above freezing during this time. If kept as pets (with permits), replicate their natural seasonal changes by gradually lowering the ambient temperature and providing a secure, insulated space. During hibernation, they rely on stored fat reserves. Regular monitoring ensures they remain healthy throughout the process. When they awaken, slowly reintroduce food and warmth to support their recovery.

Fire-Bellied Newts (Exotic Pet)

Fire-bellied newts are legal in most states, though some require permits. During dormancy, gradually reduce water temperature to 45–55°F and maintain excellent water quality with proper filtration. Provide hiding spots such as aquatic plants or small shelters to mimic their natural habitat. Monitor oxygen levels and water cleanliness regularly, as poor conditions can harm the newts during their dormant state. As temperatures warm, allow them to awaken gradually, resuming regular feeding and care routines. Proof of captive breeding may be required in certain states.

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