When it comes to unique and low-maintenance pets, millipedes are often an overlooked treasure. These gentle arthropods are not only fascinating to observe but also offer a glimpse into a miniature world teeming with activity and natural wonder. Before diving into the captivating world of millipede ownership, it’s essential to understand their specific needs and habits. From their dietary quirks to housing requirements, here’s everything you need to know to ensure these remarkable creatures thrive in your care.

1. Moisture and Humidity Requirements

Millipedes thrive in a moist environment. Their natural habitats are rich in decaying organic matter and are typically humid, such as forests and jungles. Maintaining consistent moisture in their enclosure is essential because millipedes rely on moisture to breathe through their spiracles. If the environment becomes too dry, they can suffer from dehydration, leading to fatal health issues. A substrate that retains moisture well, like coconut coir mixed with leaf litter, and regular misting are crucial to replicate this aspect of their habitat.

2. Dietary Needs

Millipedes are detritivores, meaning they feed on decaying organic matter. In captivity, their diet should include a mix of rotting leaves, fruits, and vegetables. Fresh foods like cucumbers, zucchini, and apples can supplement their natural diet, but it’s important to remove uneaten food before it spoils. A calcium source, such as cuttlebone or powdered calcium, should also be provided to support their exoskeleton health. Proper nutrition not only keeps them healthy but also encourages natural behaviors like burrowing and foraging.

3. Sensitive to Chemicals

Millipedes are extremely sensitive to chemicals, which can be lethal even in small amounts. Pesticides, fertilizers, and even certain cleaning agents can harm them. Always use organic and chemical-free substrate materials and thoroughly rinse fresh foods before feeding. Even household sprays or chemicals used near their enclosure can pose a risk. Understanding their sensitivity and creating a toxin-free environment is paramount for their survival and well-being.

4. Handling Precautions

Handling millipedes should be done sparingly and with care. When threatened, many species secrete defensive chemicals that can irritate human skin or cause allergic reactions. These secretions can be harmless to some but harmful to others, especially if accidentally transferred to the eyes or mouth. Always wash your hands after handling and be gentle to avoid stressing the millipede. While they are generally docile, they are best appreciated as display pets rather than interactive companions.

5. Escape-Proof Housing

Millipedes are surprisingly adept climbers, and their enclosures need to be secure. A terrarium with a tight fitting lid and adequate ventilation is essential. Mesh or screen tops work well, but ensure the openings are small enough to prevent escapes. Their ability to climb smooth surfaces, combined with their curiosity, means any gap or loose-fitting lid could lead to an escape. Proper housing not only keeps them safe but also prevents them from becoming an unwanted guest in your home.

6. Temperature Control

Millipedes require a warm environment, typically between 70 and 80°F. If the room temperature drops below this range, a supplemental heat source like a heat mat may be necessary. Avoid direct heat sources that could dry out the enclosure. Temperature stability is crucial because fluctuations can stress the millipede, affecting its health and activity levels. Investing in a thermometer to monitor the enclosure ensures their environment stays within the optimal range.

7. Ethical Sourcing

Many millipedes sold as pets are wild-caught, which raises ethical concerns about habitat disruption and over-collection. Captive-bred millipedes are a more sustainable choice and are often healthier, as they’re less likely to carry parasites or diseases. Researching your supplier and opting for captive-bred specimens supports responsible pet ownership and helps preserve wild populations. This conscious decision benefits both the millipedes and the ecosystems they naturally inhabit.

8. Life Span Commitment

Millipedes have a surprisingly long lifespan for an arthropod, living 5–10 years, depending on the species and care. Prospective owners should consider this commitment before bringing one home. Their longevity means they require ongoing care, a suitable environment, and consistent attention to their dietary and habitat needs for several years. Owning a millipede isn’t a short-term endeavor, and understanding this responsibility is vital for both owner and pet satisfaction.

9. Legal Considerations

Some species of millipedes, such as the giant African millipede, face restrictions in certain areas due to ecological concerns. These regulations aim to prevent the accidental introduction of non-native species into local ecosystems. Potential owners should research local laws and obtain any necessary permits before acquiring a millipede. Compliance with these regulations ensures responsible pet ownership and protects local biodiversity.

10. Breeding Risks

Millipedes breed easily in captivity if both genders are housed together. While this might sound appealing, it can lead to overcrowding and the need for additional resources. Identifying and separating genders can help prevent unintended breeding. Males often have modified legs called gonopods, which can be identified by examining the underside of the millipede. Understanding this aspect of their biology is essential for population control and maintaining a balanced enclosure.

11. Substrate Specifics

The substrate in a millipede’s enclosure is more than just bedding; it’s their habitat. A mix of coconut coir, decayed wood, and leaf litter provides the necessary environment for burrowing and feeding. The substrate should be at least 3–4 inches deep to allow for natural behaviors. Regularly replenishing the substrate ensures a clean environment and provides a consistent source of nutrients. The right substrate mimics their natural habitat, promoting health and well-being.

12. Minimal Interaction Pets

Millipedes are fascinating creatures, but they’re not interactive in the way many pets are. They prefer a quiet, stable environment and are easily stressed by frequent handling or sudden changes in their habitat. Observing their unique behaviors, such as burrowing, climbing, and foraging, is one of the joys of millipede ownership. Accepting them as low-maintenance, minimal-interaction pets ensures they lead a stress-free life while still providing their owners with a rewarding experience.

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