If cat paws make your heart melt, you’re not alone—and you’re in for a treat. Some cats are born with more than the usual number of toes, a charming quirk known as polydactyly. These extra-toed felines are affectionately called “mitten cats,” “thumb cats,” or famously, “Hemingway cats.” While most kitties have 18 toes, polydactyl cats can sport up to 28! But what causes this delightful mutation? Is it harmful? Are certain breeds more likely to have it? Let’s dive into the paw-sitively fascinating world of polydactyl cats.

1. What Is Polydactyly in Cats?

Polydactyly is a genetic mutation that results in cats being born with more than the standard 18 toes. Cats usually have five toes on their front paws and four on their back paws. Polydactyl cats may have six or more on each paw, most often affecting the front limbs. The extra digits can form in various places—on the thumb side (preaxial), pinky side (postaxial), or even in the middle (mesoaxial). While unusual, these additional toes are generally harmless, simply giving cats a wider paw and a unique, mitten-like appearance.

2. Why Do Some Cats Have So Many Toes?

The root of polydactyly lies in an autosomal dominant gene, meaning a kitten only needs one parent to carry the gene to inherit extra toes. However, the trait expresses itself in diverse ways—some cats gain just one extra digit, while others may have several. Genetic complexity adds to the variety, and although polydactylism isn’t essential for survival, it’s believed to have once provided functional benefits. Some sailors even thought these cats were superior mousers due to better balance and wider paws, helping them stay sure-footed on rocking ships.

3. Are Polydactyl Cats Rare?

Polydactyl cats may look unique, but they’re not exactly rare. If one parent carries the gene, each kitten has about a 50% chance of inheriting it. When both parents are polydactyl, that probability increases. The most common variation involves an extra toe or two on the front paws. Cats with multiple extra digits on all four paws—like Guinness World Record holders Jake and Paws—are considerably less common. Their symmetrical, toe-filled paws may be rare, but the overall genetic trait is more widespread than you’d expect.

4. Do Extra Toes Impact a Cat’s Health?

Polydactyl cats usually lead normal, healthy lives. However, their extra toes require a little extra care. More digits mean more claws to trim—especially those that don’t touch the ground and might overgrow unnoticed. These additional crevices between toes can also trap dirt and debris, so paw hygiene is important. While most polydactyl cats have no mobility issues, unusually shaped or large toes can occasionally cause discomfort. In rare cases, surgery may be needed to address mobility concerns. Always monitor for limping or changes in movement.

5. Which Cats Are Most Likely to Be Polydactyl?

While polydactyly can occur in any breed, it’s more commonly associated with Maine Coons and Pixiebobs. Maine Coons, known for their large size and rugged origins in snowy Maine, once had up to 40% of their population showing polydactyl traits. Their wide, insulated paws were nature’s snow boots! Pixiebobs also occasionally display the mutation. Additionally, many polydactyl cats in Key West, Florida, are descendants of Ernest Hemingway’s beloved multi-toed feline. Although there’s no official “American Polydactyl” breed, these cats have created a legacy all their own.

6. Are Polydactyl Cats Really Lucky?

Throughout history, polydactyl cats have been symbols of good fortune. Sailors often kept them aboard ships, believing their broad paws helped with balance and made them exceptional vermin hunters. Their presence spread across regions like Western England, Wales, Canada, and the Eastern U.S. thanks to transatlantic voyages. Today, they’re still considered charming and lucky companions. Whether or not they bring actual luck, their endearing paws and playful personalities certainly make them favorites among cat lovers worldwide.

7. Famous Polydactyl Cats: Hemingway’s Legacy

One of the most famous champions of polydactyl cats was writer Ernest Hemingway, who received a six-toed white cat named Snow White from a ship captain. That gift sparked his lifelong affection for these unique kitties. Today, his Key West estate is home to over 60 cats, about half of whom are polydactyl and direct descendants of Snow White. These cats, often called “Hemingway cats,” are lovingly cared for and have become a cherished part of literary and feline history.

8. The Cat With the Most Toes Ever

Not all polydactyl cats are created equal—some break records. A ginger tabby named Jake holds the Guinness World Record for most toes on a cat: 28 in total, with seven on each paw! Each extra toe came complete with its own bone structure, pad, and claw, making Jake’s paws marvels of feline biology. He shares the title with another multi-toed marvel named Paws from Minnesota. While they may not realize their fame, these cats are unforgettable examples of how genetics can surprise us in the cutest ways.

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